Understanding & Preventing Pastern Dermatitis - Scratches : A Complete Guide
- double diamond equine
- Dec 9
- 3 min read
Scratches — also known as mud fever or pastern dermatitis — are among the most common winter and spring skin issues affecting horses in Canada. With our freeze–thaw cycles, heavy mud, wet snow, and long periods of moisture, it’s no surprise that many horses struggle with lower-leg irritation during the colder seasons.
This guide explains what causes scratches, why they’re so persistent in Canadian climates, and how to prevent them naturally and effectively.
What Exactly Are Scratches?
Pastern dermatitis, also known as scratches, greasy heel, mud fever, mud rash, cracked heels, and dew poisoning, has been well documented in horses since the early 1800s. It is commonly characterized by inflammation of the skin on the back of the pastern(s).
Pastern dermatitis can occur in any horse breed, but it is most common in draft breeds and others with heavy feathering on the lower legs that can trap moisture .
Many horse owners first notice:
small scabs or crusts
redness around the pasterns
warmth or tenderness
irritation after time spent in mud or snow
Left untreated, it can quickly worsen — especially in wet conditions.
Why Scratches Are So Common in Canada
Canada’s unique weather patterns create perfect conditions for scratches to develop. Horses are exposed to:
Freeze–thaw cycles that keep the skin constantly damp
Deep mud, especially in spring
Wet snow and slush that saturate the lower legs
Moisture trapped under feathers in breeds like Cobs, Drafts, and Gypsy horses
Irritating sand, ice, or bedding that rubs already softened skin
When the skin barrier becomes compromised, bacteria and fungi enter the small cracks in the skin — leading to irritation.
Scratches vs. Mud Fever vs. Pastern Dermatitis
These terms describe the same condition, but at different stages:
Mild: Mild irritation with redness, hair loss, and scaling on the back of the pastern and heels. Horses may itch and stomp their feet.
Severe: Oozing of serum, thick and painful crusts, and potential lameness.
Pastern Dermatitis: The medical umbrella term for inflammation of the pastern
Why Some Treatments Don’t Work
Many traditional approaches fail because they don’t address the skin barrier.
Common mistakes include:
❌ Over-washing, which removes natural oils
❌ Scrubbing or scab picking, causing deeper irritation
❌ Harsh chemicals, which dry the skin
❌ Petroleum-based ointments, which trap moisture underneath
Effective treatment requires gentle cleansing, thorough drying, and a formula that supports the skin without burning or irritating.
How to Prevent Scratches in Canadian Weather
After turnout, gently remove mud and towel-dry legs thoroughly.
✔ Avoid Aggressive Scrubbing
Soft skin is easily damaged — be gentle and patient.
✔ Consider Trimming Feathers
This helps moisture evaporate more quickly.
✔ Rotate Turnout Areas
Mud control reduces overall irritation.
✔ Maintain Clean Bedding
Wet, ammonia-filled bedding irritates sensitive skin.
✔ Use a Protective Barrier During Wet Conditions
A natural barrier cream can help repel moisture without clogging pores.
Prevention is especially important during wet snow, slushy paddocks, and early spring.
The Skin Microbiome: The Missing Piece
Your horse's skin naturally maintains a balance of beneficial and harmful microbes. When this balance is disturbed by moisture, mud, or irritation, harmful organisms can dominate, causing skin irritation.Protecting bare skin with a moisturizing balm is crucial to prevent infection.
Have You Ever Wondered Why Horses with White Legs Are More Susceptible ?
Horses with white legs or pink skin have:
thinner skin
higher sensitivity
less natural UV protection
increased susceptibility to irritation
They often require more diligent prevention during wet seasons.
When You Should Call a Vet
Seek veterinary care if your horse experiences:
lameness
foul odor
severe swelling
rapidly worsening irritation
spreading lesions
immune-compromised health
Most mild to moderate cases respond well to early treatment at home.
The Bottom Line
Pastern dermatitis infection are common — but they don’t have to be a constant winter battle. With proper prevention, early treatment, and a gentle, effective product like Derfongen® , most cases can be resolved quickly.
To keep your horse’s skin healthy this season, visit:👉 doublediamondequine.ca
Comments